Letters of Credit, Guarantees, and Trade Finance Instruments
Banks frequently encounter disputes related to loan defaults, enforcement of guarantees, collateral realization, or regulatory actions. Effective dispute management requires knowledge of Iraqi procedural law, security enforcement mechanisms, and recognition of foreign judgments or awards.
Common Bank Disputes
- Non-payment and loan defaults
- Enforcement of personal and corporate guarantees
- Realization of pledged assets
- Trade finance and LC disputes
Enforcement Methods in Iraq
- Civil courts
- Specialized execution departments
- Arbitration (contractual or sector-based)
- Recognition of foreign awards and judgments
How Etihad Can Assist
Etihad provides legal and regulatory advisory services to banks, financial institutions, and businesses, supporting compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and regulatory guidance issued by any competent authorities.