Foreign Banks in Iraq: Branch vs Subsidiary vs Representative Office
Foreign financial institutions entering Iraq may structure their presence as a branch, subsidiary, or representative office, each with distinct regulatory and commercial implications.
Market Entry Models
- Branch: operational presence allowing regulated banking activities; requires CBI licensing and minimum capital allocation.
- Subsidiary: locally incorporated company fully subject to Iraqi banking regulations, tax, and corporate governance laws.
- Representative Office: non-operational structure limited to market research, promotional and liaison functions; does not conduct financial transactions.
Strategic Considerations
- Regulatory supervision & reporting
- Capital adequacy & prudential requirements
- Taxation and profit repatriation
- Local management & staffing obligations
- Long-term market strategy